Gabriel

He builds the converters, the validator and the other tools, and writes the guides and the blog posts.

• Numerals, breakdowns and tables are produced by tested code, the same code that runs the converter.
• Historical and cultural facts appear only with a linked source.
• AI may be used for a first draft, never for facts, and every text is reviewed before it is published.

• November 11, 2026How Roman numerals workThe seven symbols, the four rules and the mistakes people make most, with worked examples.
• November 11, 2026History of Roman numeralsWhere the symbols came from, how Romans calculated and how the system survived Arabic numerals.
• November 11, 2026Large Roman numeralsWhy the standard stops at 3,999 and how the bar (vinculum) writes 4,000, 10,000 or a million.
• November 11, 2026Why clocks use IIIIIIII is an old form that clockmakers kept. What is documented, and the theories, each with its source.
• November 11, 2026Centuries in Roman numeralsFrom year to century, why the 21st century began in 2001 and how each language writes centuries.
• November 11, 2026Dates in Roman numeralsDay, month and year each become a numeral, in the order your country uses. Examples and a final check.

• November 11, 2026How to write today's date in Roman numeralsThree conversions and one decision about order. With examples for US and UK dates.
• November 11, 2026Why the 20th century is XXThe 1900s and the 20th century are not the same thing. Why, with a one-line rule.
• November 11, 2026What year is MMXVI?MMXVI is 2016. A fast way to read any year, including the typo versions.
• November 11, 2026XXX IX: Roman numerals with spacesXXX IX is most likely 39 written with a space. How to tell one number from two, or from a date.
• November 11, 2026What number is XVIII?XVIII is 18. A three-step method that works on any numeral, with practice examples.
• November 11, 2026Why L is 50 and C is 100The numbers came before the letters. What historians have proposed about L, C, D and M, with sources.
• November 11, 2026Is 2000 in the 20th or 21st century?2000 closes the 20th century. Why, and which year ends every century, in Roman numerals.
• November 11, 2026Your date of birth in Roman numeralsDay, month and year in the right order, with examples and a final check before it becomes permanent.

Spotted a mistake or have an idea for a guide? Send it through the contact page.